A Study on the Second Hongkong Sport Talks for Organizing A Unified Korean Team in Tokyo Olympic Games in 1964 1964년 동경올림픽대회 남북단일팀 구성을 위한 제2차 홍콩 체육회담에 관한 연구
김재우JaeWooKim
52(6) 1-9, 2013
Title
A Study on the Second Hongkong Sport Talks for Organizing A Unified Korean Team in Tokyo Olympic Games in 1964 1964년 동경올림픽대회 남북단일팀 구성을 위한 제2차 홍콩 체육회담에 관한 연구
김재우JaeWooKim
DOI:
Abstract
This study investigated about the second Hongkong sport talks(hereinafter the second talks) for organizing a unified Korean team in Tokyo olympic games in 1964. The second talks started by proposal from the North Korea for reopening of talks to deal with issue unsettled in the first Hongkong sport talks(hereinafter the first talks) under mediation of IOC. South Korea attended the second talks under a policy that South Korean`s basic goal is single entry to Tokyo olympic game, they should rupture the talks by mobilizing all the means. The second talks started as preliminary conference ended just one day later because of one-sided notification of rupture from South Korean delegation. A return report written by Kim Gi-soo after the first talks and the term ‘National Union’ used in arrival statement by North Korea delegation arrived in Hongkong for the second talks offered ground for rupture. After rupture of the second talks, South Korea emphasized justification of rupture of talks. On the other hand, the North Korea strongly expressed injustice of rupture of talks. And through return statement, both delegations fiercely criticized the other party while tried to shift responsibility of the rupture onto the other party.
Key Words
Tokyo olympic games, a unified Korean team, sport talks, Hongkong
Meaning of Korean Wrestling in the History of Sports participating in Olympics for the first time after Independence 광복 후 올림픽에 첫 출전한 한국 레슬링의 체육사적 의미
조준호JunHoCho
52(6) 11-26, 2013
Title
Meaning of Korean Wrestling in the History of Sports participating in Olympics for the first time after Independence 광복 후 올림픽에 첫 출전한 한국 레슬링의 체육사적 의미
조준호JunHoCho
DOI:
Abstract
This study tried to review the games of the Korean wrestling team in the first Olympic Games after independence and to review the meaning from the perspective of sports history. For this, this study reviewed newspapers and books related to London Olympics and “Sports Culture” (Vol. 2) which was presented recently. The followings are the results of the study. First, national team selection competitions for London Olympics were held four times and 8 wrestlers were selected during the process. However, KOC decided to make the team of 4 considering overall conditions of homeland, and Kim Keuk-hwan, Han Sang-ryong, Kim Seok-young and Hwang Byeong-gwan were selected finally. Second, although Hwang Byeong-gwan won the fifth place and Kim Seok-young won the 6th place, National Team failed to win a meal in London Olympics. Third, as Korea Wrestling National Team was a team of patriotism and strong spirit, their experience in Olympics gave them confidence in next competitions. They contributed to the development of Korean wrestling and their achievements as frontiers became a ground for wrestling development in Korea.
Key Words
Korean wrestling team, Sports Culture vol.2, London Olympics, patriotism and strong spirit, wrestling development
The Ideological Background Behind the Creation and Diffusion of Bodybuilding 보디빌딩의 출현 과정과 확산(擴散)배경에 관한 일고(一考)
이가람KaRamLee
52(6) 27-40, 2013
Title
The Ideological Background Behind the Creation and Diffusion of Bodybuilding 보디빌딩의 출현 과정과 확산(擴散)배경에 관한 일고(一考)
이가람KaRamLee
DOI:
Abstract
This study aims to explore the creation and diffusion of bodybuilding. Since ancient times, humans have developed physical culture movement, bodybuilding is an exercise system of implying these physical culture movement. However, the background from which bodybuilding was created and diffused has not been fully explained. By delving into previous studies, bodybuilding was an exercise system which was created by Roberts, the physical director of the American YMCA. Pursuing to balance heavy weights and light gymnastics, Roberts invented a new exercise system, which is safe, convenient, easy and exciting. The spread of bodybuilding was indirectly based on trend in health consideration which appeared in 19th century America. However, it was through the YMCA organizational networks that bodybuilding was rapidly propagated. Eventually, bodybuilding was proved to establish the foundation to be spread by existing on liaison between muscular Christianity movement and the American YMCA, and being used as an important measure to spread the gospel.
Key Words
Bodybuilding, Physical Culture, Muscular Christianity, Christianity movement, American Y.M.C.A
The Influence of the Development of Joseon and Japan of Chinese Martial Arts in Ming-dynasty 명대(明代) 중국무예가 조선과 일본의 무예 형성에 미친 영향
박귀순CindyPark
52(6) 41-53, 2013
Title
The Influence of the Development of Joseon and Japan of Chinese Martial Arts in Ming-dynasty 명대(明代) 중국무예가 조선과 일본의 무예 형성에 미친 영향
박귀순CindyPark
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify the Influence of Joseon and Japan of chinese martial arts in Ming-dynasty. Chinese martial arts in the Ming Dynasty faced with many difficult problems, and martial arts already were aware of the need and importance. Chinese martial arts in Ming Dynasty have been introduced to the Joseon and Japan through various routes. Joseon and Chinese martial arts in the Ming Dynasty as the content of the interaction, "Gishao-xinshu" and "Wubeizhi"`s ‘Joseon-sebup’ was introduced. ‘Joseon-sebup’ is described by the active way in China, but had been closed in China through Joseon has made the resurrection of the sword method that it was worth. Japanese and Chinese martial arts in Ming Dynasty as the content of the interaction, such as Joseon, "Gishao-xinshu"and "Wubeizhi" had the influence. However, the form and method of acceptance was different. Especially Chinese martial arts in Ming Dynasty have influenced the formation of a variety of the Japanese Jujitsu and Karate. Through this study was understood that Chinese martial arts in Ming Dynasty have influenced formulation and development of the martial arts of Joseon and Japan.
Key Words
Chinese martial arts in Ming-dynasty, Martial Arts of Joseon and Japan, Influence, Development
Research on Traditional Physical Education Culture of Silla : Mainly studied on Juryeonggu(14-faceted dice), Boat(Dugout), Yut board and Paduk board 신라의 전통체육문화 연구 : 주령구(14면 주사위), 배, 윷판, 바둑판을 중심으로
주동진DongJinJoo , 황종대JongDaeHwang , 이진택JinTaekLee
52(6) 55-63, 2013
Title
Research on Traditional Physical Education Culture of Silla : Mainly studied on Juryeonggu(14-faceted dice), Boat(Dugout), Yut board and Paduk board 신라의 전통체육문화 연구 : 주령구(14면 주사위), 배, 윷판, 바둑판을 중심으로
주동진DongJinJoo , 황종대JongDaeHwang , 이진택JinTaekLee
DOI:
Abstract
Silla was a country that had kept its name for one thousand years which is unusual case in world history. However, it did not amply leave its historical materials compared to its story, especially when it comes to physical education culture. Therefore, it is needed to make an effort to understand and organize its physical education culture through relics and ruins of the country. This study examines physical education culture of Silla based on excavated recreations. 4 different relics and ruins are particularly researched. Firstly, Juryeonggu(The world`s only 14-faceted dice that used to be a tool for drinking manner), secondly, boat consists of 3 pine cylinders(The world`s only boating in artificial pond of royal court), thirdly, rock yut board(The world`s only yut boards with 29spots), fourthly, stone paduk board(the world`s only 15lined board made with stone). As a result, the 4 selections of Silla`s relics are to be its own recreational equipments. In other words, this can be considered as its unique traditional physical education. Even though this study is a partial research of Silla culture, it is expected that these fragments will contribute to identify and organize Korean sentiment. This is needed in a country like Korea in particular where not many publications are conveyed.
Grounded Theory: Process in Becoming Coaches from Female Horseback-riders 근거이론: 여성 승마선수의 지도자 되기 과정
이원일WeonIlLee
52(6) 65-80, 2013
Title
Grounded Theory: Process in Becoming Coaches from Female Horseback-riders 근거이론: 여성 승마선수의 지도자 되기 과정
이원일WeonIlLee
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to provide a theoretical model of the processes in becoming a coach of horseback-riders. The model will serve as a conceptual framework for the future endeavors in increasing the number of female coaches for both recreational and elite horseback-riders; and provide practical and experiential knowledge to female elite horseback-riders who are preparing to be a coach as their career aspiration. Grounded theory as methodology (Strauss & Corbin, 1998), open, axial, and selective coding on data, that is gathered from five female coaches, were utilized as a way to develop the model. Results show as follow; first, musculism existing in the horseback-riding field cuases limitation to female horseback-riders to be a coach, second, it shows that female horseback-riders have learned maleness in the horseback-riding field, and third, female horseback-riders have become recognized coaches through their personal strategies and endeavors. This study is considered providing an implication of feminist perspective to female athletes who wish to be a leader of the sports.
Key Words
female coach, horseback-riding, grounded theory
Female Mixed Martial Arts Athlete`s Stress On Social Prejudice Adaptation : Grounded Theory Approach 여성 이종격투기선수의 젠더 불평등에 대한 스트레스 적응과정: 근거이론 접근
임정미JeongMiLim , 임수원SooWoenLim
52(6) 81-95, 2013
Title
Female Mixed Martial Arts Athlete`s Stress On Social Prejudice Adaptation : Grounded Theory Approach 여성 이종격투기선수의 젠더 불평등에 대한 스트레스 적응과정: 근거이론 접근
임정미JeongMiLim , 임수원SooWoenLim
DOI:
Abstract
This research is focused on the various problems that mixed martial arts female fighters are suffering, and on presenting the theoretical frame to solve the problems. For the solution, I demonstrated the adaptation process to the stress concerning gender-inequality of the martial arts female fighters, through the founded theory by Strauss & Corbin, with the cases of the youth national team players among all of the athletes at G city. The results are as follows. First, 132 concepts in the open coding, 15 subcategories and 7 top categories were derived. Second, the following were derived when looking at the stress adaptation process to gender inequality of the martial arts female fighters with the axis coding paradigm model: the cause and effect situation of self-conflict, the contextual situation of the gender-biased sports field, the stress to the gender-inequality of mixed martial arts female fighters as a key phenomenon, the support of the cooperators as arbitrators, the promotion of self-achievement, the presentation of the new female role model as behavior/interaction strategy and the adaptation as the result. Third, Showing the shape of the female warrior who challenges all the time, which is the core category, was derived by the selected coding.
Key Words
Female Mixed Martial Arts Matches, Gender Inequality, Stress Adaptation, Grounded Theory
Examining the Association of Physical Activity and PAPS Health-related Physical Fitness on the Physical Self-Description of a Specialized Male Highschool Students 일개 특성화고 남학생의 규칙적인 신체활동 실천여부 및 PAPS 건강체력 수준과 신체적 자기개념과의 연관성
Examining the Association of Physical Activity and PAPS Health-related Physical Fitness on the Physical Self-Description of a Specialized Male Highschool Students 일개 특성화고 남학생의 규칙적인 신체활동 실천여부 및 PAPS 건강체력 수준과 신체적 자기개념과의 연관성
This study aims to examine the association of physical activity and PAPS health-related physical fitness on physical self-description of 1,121 specialized male highschool students in Incheon N region. For this, we performed logistic regression analysis to calculate Odds Ratio(OR) and 95% Confidence Interval(CI). The level of statistical significance was at p<.05. The results can be summarized as follow: First, the students who participate in regular physical activity, as compared to nonparticipation, showed higher OR values in 9 sub factors of physical self-description except for self-esteem factor. Second, the students who have above average physical fitness, as compared to the students who have low physical fitness, revealed higher OR values in 8 sub factors of physical self-description except for health and self-esteem factors. In conclusion, participation in regular physical activity and above the average physical fitness is associated with higher physical self-description. In other words, there is a need to participate in regular physical activity and to develop a certain level of physical fitness to increase physical self-description.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aiming time fixation training on cerebral cortical activity, heart rate, aiming time, and air-pistol shooting performance. Thirteen high-school shooters (male=7, female=6) participated in this experiment and their average career was 4.2 years of experience. Their ages ranged from 17 to 19 years (M=17.8). Participants enrolled in a 8-week training program. Experimental task was 10m air-pistol shooting. Continuous cerebral cortical activity and heart rate activity were monitored while they perform 60 trials. Repeated two way ANOVAs have been conducted to see the influence of trainning on powers of theta, low-alpha, high-alpha, alpha, low-beta, high-beta, beta, gamma band at F3, F4, C3, C4, T3, T4, Fz, and Cz electrode sites. Repeated one way ANOVA have respectively conducted to see the influence of training on heart rate, shooting scores. As the result, shooting score and consistency of aiming time were higher in after training relative to before training. and deviation of heart rate fluctuations decreased after training. In the frontal area, theta relative power decreased and beta relative power increased during aiming the target. This result implies that aiming time fixation training increase shooting score by elevating the stabilization of aiming procedure.
Key Words
aiming time, aiming time fixation training, EEG, heart rate
Prospection of Sport Character: The Role of Achievement Goal Orientation and Regulatory Focus 스포츠 인성에 대한 조망: 성취목표 성향과 조절 초점의 역할
The purpose of this study was to identify the influences of achievement goal orientation and regulatory focus on sport character for athletes. Participants were 418 Middle, High schol, university student athletes(M=284, F=134, individual=184, team=234). They submitted responses to three questionnaires, Achievement goal orientation, regulatory focus, sport character respectively. We conducted the Exploratory, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Cronbach α Analysis to found out Construct Validity and Reliability. The collected data were analyzed using two-way MANOVA, Correlation and Regression Analysis. Results are as follow. First, sport character were significantly different according to the variables of achievement goal orientation and regulatory focus. Second, sport character are significantly correlated with Achievement goal orientation and regulatory focus. Third, sport character influenced by achievement goal orientation and regulatory focus and achievement goal orientation had a stronger effect on sport character than regulatory focus. Finally we discussed sport character with their motivational backgrounds and proposed athletes`sport character.
Key Words
sport character, achievement goal orientation, regulatory focus
Mediation Effects of Outcome Expectancy on the Relationship Between Passion and Task Persistence in Physical Education: Multiple Group Analysis across Gender 체육수업에서 학생들의 열정과 과제지속성의 관계에서 결과기대의 매개효과: 성별 간 다집단 분석
송기현KiHyunSong , 허진영JinYoungHuh , 최헌혁HunHyukChoi
52(6) 133-142, 2013
Title
Mediation Effects of Outcome Expectancy on the Relationship Between Passion and Task Persistence in Physical Education: Multiple Group Analysis across Gender 체육수업에서 학생들의 열정과 과제지속성의 관계에서 결과기대의 매개효과: 성별 간 다집단 분석
송기현KiHyunSong , 허진영JinYoungHuh , 최헌혁HunHyukChoi
DOI:
Abstract
The purposes of this study were twofold: 1) to examine the mediation effects of outcome expectancy the relationships between dualistic passion(harmony and obsessiveness) and task persistency in physical education, 2) to compare the path invariance between male and female. In order to obtain the purposes, middle school students(N=454) from Seoul and Gyeonggi-do area were recruited using convenient sampling method for the study. SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 were used to analyze the descriptive statistics, correlations, confirmatory factor analysis, and SEM of the data in this study. The results showed that there was the mediation effects of outcome expectancy between both harmonious and obsessive passion of students and task persistency. Second, there were the path differences between male and female in harmonious passion → outcome expectancy and obsessive passion → task persistency.
Effect of After-School Physical Programs on Creativity of Elementary School Students 방과 후 체육 프로그램이 초등학생의 창의성에 미치는 효과
김주효JuHyoKim , 전선혜SunHyeJun
52(6) 143-153, 2013
Title
Effect of After-School Physical Programs on Creativity of Elementary School Students 방과 후 체육 프로그램이 초등학생의 창의성에 미치는 효과
김주효JuHyoKim , 전선혜SunHyeJun
DOI:
Abstract
This research was in order to find out the effect after-school physical programs in elementary schools have on creativity. Through this research, we aim to suggest the importance of after-school physical activities and devise programs helpful in developing creativity which will eventually lead to the provision of basic information about various and creative physical activities to the teachers. The subjects selected were ‘R’ preschool sports center and ‘M’ elementary school in Gimpo, Gyeonggido. We implemented TTCT creativity tests before and after the physical programs. During this research, all data was computerized using Windows SPSS Ver. 12.0 program, and the statistical significance level of all analysis was set α=0.05. The evaluation method used was t-investigation (Independent Sample t-test) and ANCOVA, and the reliability analysis was done as inter-scorer reliability. As a result, First, after-school physical activity programs in elementary schools have shown the most difference in fluency and creativity and exquisiteness and persistence among the five creativity factors. Second, after-school physical activity programs in elementary schools partially differ according to their gender. Third, after-school physical activity programs in elementary schools have shown difference more in experiment-group than Math group. (fluency and exquisiteness and persistence)
Key Words
physical education program, creativity, elementary school student
A Methodological Review of Character Education for Children in Taekwondo Do-jang 태권도 도장의 아동 인성교육에 대한 방법론적 고찰
김충일ChungIlKim
52(6) 155-168, 2013
Title
A Methodological Review of Character Education for Children in Taekwondo Do-jang 태권도 도장의 아동 인성교육에 대한 방법론적 고찰
김충일ChungIlKim
DOI:
Abstract
With the fact that children`s average age for participating in Taekwondo(TKD) has decreased, not only forms of the practice of TKD but also methods of character education for children have been changed recently. The purpose of this study were to research on the actual condition of character education for children in korean TKD Do-jang and suggest instructional methods of character education for children based on various instructional methodology and educational philosoph. The findings of this study summarized as follows: TKD instructors show tendencies to teach their students with frequent uses of outside factors of TKD including cramming, repetition, discussion, and question and answer. However, in terms of semantic perspective, because TKD is a sport and martial arts concurrently, it can encourage children to develop their personalities by means of exercise of TKD. Futhermore, considering that TKD skills include esthetic sense, esthetic experience through exercise of TKD would positively affect children`s character development. For these reason, TKD instructors should concentrate on instructional methods through exercise of TKD and provide their students with opportunity for reflective thinking.
Key Words
Taekwondo, Character education, Whole coaching, Jone Dewey
Exploration of Leadership Formation Process for Sports Coaches 스포츠지도자의 지도성 형성과정
The purpose of this study was to find how the change of the sports coaches` leadership in their lives is connected with the narrative researcher`s experiences. After researching what was their periodical “Introspection” and “Change” from as an player to a leader, I hope to suggest the real meaning of the leadership. This research remind me that I was struggling between as a student and as a training player without finding self in the university. But most participant never thought to quit the player until now. It means that the sports world be caught in a vicious circle, even though they have self-reflection and changes. In this research, we can have a new understanding of the reason why we have to listen about the leader`s problems and honest stories. In the long run, the sports world should improve the system of the student athlete and participation of games first for elite sports. Then the developed leadership can be shown, and more research and study will be needed for the ideal leadership.
Key Words
sports coaches, Exploration, leadership
The Olympic Experience and Expertise of Taekwondo National Representative Coach 태권도 국가대표지도자의 올림픽 체험과 전문성
최유리YouLeeChoi , 김현식HyunSikKim
52(6) 183-204, 2013
Title
The Olympic Experience and Expertise of Taekwondo National Representative Coach 태권도 국가대표지도자의 올림픽 체험과 전문성
최유리YouLeeChoi , 김현식HyunSikKim
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the Olympic experience and expertise of Taekwondo national representative coaches in whole. To achieve this purpose, the qualitative case study was performed on 3 Taekwondo national representative coaches experienced Olympic games. The collected materials through the in-depth interview and documents were analyzed by using area and classification method of Spradley(1980). The credibility and morality in the process of collecting materials and analysis were continuously verified. The result of analysis of the collected materials and interpretation is as follows. Firstly, the Olympic experience of Taekwondo national representative coaches is different according to before, during, and after the Olympic games. They experienced the pride and pressure before the game, responsibility and tension during the game, and achievement and loss after the game. Secondly, the expertise of Taekwondo national representative coaches means the credibility forming, training athletes, management of athletes, and self-management. Thirdly, the Olympic experience and expertise of Taekwondo national representative coaches are inter-related. The Olympic experience is a chance to increase and mature coaches` expertise and to reflect their lives as Taekwondo coaches.
Key Words
Taekwondo, national representative coaches, Olympic experience, expertise
Critique on Educational & Competitive Power of Physical Education as Liberal Education in Korea Higher Education 우리나라 대학 교양 체육의 교육력 및 경쟁력 비평
유정애JeongAeYou
52(6) 205-216, 2013
Title
Critique on Educational & Competitive Power of Physical Education as Liberal Education in Korea Higher Education 우리나라 대학 교양 체육의 교육력 및 경쟁력 비평
유정애JeongAeYou
DOI:
Abstract
Recently, the status of physical education as liberal education (PELE) in Korea has been lowered. The fundamental cause of this phenomenon is due to lack of active discourses about PELE among academic communities in university physical education. Moreover, it has been continued because people in P.E. communities tend to think this problem is related to individual university dimension, not entire university dimension. For this reason, most of P.E. related department or college of sport has been faced a serious crisis without confronting methods and strategies of how to deal with this phenomenon. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to critique PELE in terms of the educational and competitive power in order to reform futuristic PELE. In this paper, it is emphasized that PELE itself possesses the educational and competitive power. However, it is addressed that PELE in Korea does not currently persist the educational and competitive power, because it could not meet societal needs and have high quality of PELE anymore. Finally, to empower the status of PELE in Korea, it is suggested three future tasks such as basic research on PELE curriculum based on the educational needs of university students, autonomous research on PELE curriculum reform, and research on model-based PELE curriculum.
Key Words
university education, liberal education, physical education, educational power, competitive power
Exploring Role Expectation and Performance of Physical Education Department Head as Middle Manager at School 체육부장교사의 중간관리자 역할 기대와 역할 수행 탐색
유정애JeongAeYou , 진연경YeonKyungJin
52(6) 217-235, 2013
Title
Exploring Role Expectation and Performance of Physical Education Department Head as Middle Manager at School 체육부장교사의 중간관리자 역할 기대와 역할 수행 탐색
유정애JeongAeYou , 진연경YeonKyungJin
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study, using a qualitative case study is to explore role expectation and role performance of novice and experienced physical education department head as middle manager at school. For this, two P.E. department heads at two middle schools located at Kyunggi province in Korea are purposely sampled as research participants. Data collection is made to do in-depth interview and document analysis and the collected data are analyzed using inductive category analysis(Pattern, 1980). In this paper, first, the P.E. department heads are expected to do directly unrelated works, due to unclear boundary among different departments and typical bias toward P.E. teachers at schools. For this reason, first of all, they have performed to do negotiation with school principals and vice-principals, to establish the status of P.E. teachers within the school, and to do over-loaded work for sacrifice and caring other teachers. Secondly, they as middle managers are expected to make pleasant school culture and to develop teamwork among department members. Thus, they have did their best in their given duties, using ongoing communication and soft delivery methods to bring harmonious teamwork and collaboration among department members, colleagues, and school managers. Ultimately, both novice and experienced P.E. department heads have felt burdens to perform their given roles due to accountability and much workloads in this paper.
Key Words
department head, physical education, role expectation, middle manager
A Corporate Analysis of the Relationships between Sports Marketing Capacity, Organizational Attitude and Organizational Performance 기업의 스포츠마케팅 역량과 조직태도, 조직성과의 관계분석
김민철MinCheolKim
52(6) 237-251, 2013
Title
A Corporate Analysis of the Relationships between Sports Marketing Capacity, Organizational Attitude and Organizational Performance 기업의 스포츠마케팅 역량과 조직태도, 조직성과의 관계분석
김민철MinCheolKim
DOI:
Abstract
This study was to analyze the effect of sports marketing capability that is perceived by employees on organizational attitude and to find out relations between those effects and organizational performance. 8 experts related to sports marketing management took part in the discussion and in-depth interview to decide an enterprise as the subject of this study, so ‘Super Match of Hyundai Capital’ was selected as the best competitive sports marketing strategy. Thus, the survey was conducted to regular workers. Through 251 questionnaires, the result of this study were as follows. First, sports marketing capability has a positive effect on organizational confidence. Second, organizational confidence has a positive effect on organizational satisfaction and organizational commitment Third, organizational satisfaction has an effect on organizational commitment. Fourth, organizational commitment has an effect on efficiency, effectiveness and fairness. As a result, sports marketing strategies are helpful to make positive organizational attitude by qualifying professional capability, and organizational attitude has an effect on organizational performance. And therefore, it means that marketing strategies have effects on the internal environment of the enterprise.
Development and Validation of Nonverbal Communication Scale in Participation Sport 참여스포츠에서의 비언어적 커뮤니케이션 척도의 개발
조송현SongHyunCho , 추나영NaYoungChoo , 김선희SunHeeKim
52(6) 253-266, 2013
Title
Development and Validation of Nonverbal Communication Scale in Participation Sport 참여스포츠에서의 비언어적 커뮤니케이션 척도의 개발
조송현SongHyunCho , 추나영NaYoungChoo , 김선희SunHeeKim
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to standardize a synthetic scale of nonverbal communication into a participant sports and its validation. To achieve the purpose of this study, nonverbal communication scale examined by Choo & Cho(2013), Hong(1995), KIm(2007), Kim & Jang(2004), Crane & Crane(2010), Gabbott & Hogg(2001), Richmond et al.(2003) were used. Throughout the research procedures including item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability test, multiple group factor analysis. Results of this study were as follows: First, nonverbal communication scale was consisted with three factor such as visual behavior, invisible behavior, individual characteristics. Second, visual behavior was consisted with six item such as smiling face, proper eye contact, polite attitude, gaze, hand and arm movement, proper distance. Third, invisible behavior was consisted with six item such as intimate touch, contact frequency, devoting time, varied tone, speech speed, speech controling. Forth, individual characteristics was consisted with six item such as body, hair style, dress color, chic clothes, tidy face, attractive appearance. Finally, validity and reliability were checked to confirm the adaptability and nonverbal communication scale was consisted with 3 factor, 18 item.
The effect of instructors` emotional intelligence and nonverbal communication on exercise commitment, customer satisfaction, and intention of participation continuity as perceived by GX program participants GX프로그램 참여자들이 인식하는 지도자의 감성지능과 비언어적 커뮤니케이션이 운동몰입, 고객만족 및 지속의사에 미치는 영향
주형철HyungChulJoo , 윤인애InAeYoon , 김지영JiYoungKim
52(6) 267-284, 2013
Title
The effect of instructors` emotional intelligence and nonverbal communication on exercise commitment, customer satisfaction, and intention of participation continuity as perceived by GX program participants GX프로그램 참여자들이 인식하는 지도자의 감성지능과 비언어적 커뮤니케이션이 운동몰입, 고객만족 및 지속의사에 미치는 영향
주형철HyungChulJoo , 윤인애InAeYoon , 김지영JiYoungKim
DOI:
Abstract
This study was aimed to use GX participants` in order to understand the structural causality of GX instructors` emotional intelligence and nonverbal communication on exercise commitment, customer satisfaction, and intention of participation continuity. The results were as flows. First, emotional intelligence was not affected by intention of participation continuity. Second, nonverbal communication was not affected by intention of participation continuity. Third, emotional intelligence positively influenced exercise commitment. Fourth, nonverbal communication positively influenced exercise commitment. Fifth, nonverbal communication positively influenced customer satisfaction. Sixth, nonverbal communication positively influenced customer satisfaction. Seventh, exercise commitment positively influenced the intention of participation continuity. Eighth, customer satisfaction positively influenced the intention of participation continuity. Ninth, exercise commitment perceived to be the mediator effect within the relationship of emotional intelligence and intention of participation continuity. Tenth, exercise commitment perceived to be the mediator effect within the relationship of nonverbal communication and intention of participation continuity. Eleventh, customer satisfaction perceived to be the mediator effect within the relationship of emotional intelligence and intention of participation continuity. Twelfth, customer satisfaction perceived to be the mediator effect within the relationship of nonverbal communication and intention of participation continuity.
Relationship among Brand Asset, Customer Satisfaction, Brand Attitude and Repurchase Intention of Golf Equipment in Golf Consumers 골프용품 소비자의 브랜드자산과 고객만족, 브랜드태도 및 재구매의도의 구조적 관계검증
조용찬YongChanCho , 남재준JaeJunNam
52(6) 285-300, 2013
Title
Relationship among Brand Asset, Customer Satisfaction, Brand Attitude and Repurchase Intention of Golf Equipment in Golf Consumers 골프용품 소비자의 브랜드자산과 고객만족, 브랜드태도 및 재구매의도의 구조적 관계검증
조용찬YongChanCho , 남재준JaeJunNam
DOI:
Abstract
This study verifies a model representing the relationship between brand assets, customer satisfaction, brand attitudes, and repurchase intention of golf equipment among golf goods purchasers. The aim is to provide useful data for marketing strategists to formulate golf products selling and manufacturing streategies. A total of 281 customers of golf equipment, in 6 golf courses, from the Seoul and Gyeonggi area, were surveyed. All data was processed in SPSS (version 18.0), and an explanatory factor analysis (EFA) was performed. AMOS (16.0) was used to investigate the goodness of fit and the individual hypotheses were verified through a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and a structural equation model (SEM). As a result, the brand asset was shown to have a significant effect upon the brand attitude, and customer satisfaction was shown to have a significant effect on repurchase intention. Brand attitude was shown to have a significant effect upon repurchase intention, and brand asset was shown to have a significant effect upon brand attitude. Brand asset was shown to have a significant effect upon repurchase intention.
A Study on the Construction of an Activity-Based Costing System for Sport Centers 활동기준원가계산을 적용한 스포츠센터 원가회계 시스템 구축
소윤서YounSeoSo , 김수잔SuSanKim
52(6) 301-310, 2013
Title
A Study on the Construction of an Activity-Based Costing System for Sport Centers 활동기준원가계산을 적용한 스포츠센터 원가회계 시스템 구축
소윤서YounSeoSo , 김수잔SuSanKim
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop an activity-based costing system for sport centers in Korea. In order to achieve this purpose, a sample of 39 employees was drawn from 11 large scale sport centers using the convenience sampling method. Also, a questionnaire asking about the difficulty and frequency of activities performed in relation to sales, planning, operations, finance, facility, management for 4 kinds of sports was distributed. As for data analysis, Microsoft Office Excel 2007 was used to conduct descriptive analysis on collected data, and the following conclusions were drawn:. The sport requiring the highest allocation of cost is swimming, followed by fitness and golf, and then dance. Swimming required highest level of activity, especially in planning and facility management, and dance required least level of activity. Meanwhile, the level of required activity for fitness and golf were similar, but fitness required slightly higher level of facility management.
Key Words
sport center, activity-based costing
Mediated effect of vicarious achievement on the relationship between prestige of sports team and basking in reflected glory(BIRG) 스포츠팀의 위상과 반사된영광누리기의 관계에서 대리성취욕구 의 매개효과
한진욱JinWookHan , 권형일HyungIlKwon
52(6) 311-319, 2013
Title
Mediated effect of vicarious achievement on the relationship between prestige of sports team and basking in reflected glory(BIRG) 스포츠팀의 위상과 반사된영광누리기의 관계에서 대리성취욕구 의 매개효과
한진욱JinWookHan , 권형일HyungIlKwon
DOI:
Abstract
Basking in reflected glory(BIRG) has been heavily studied in sport consumer studies in that it is a typical behavior among sport spectators and it is a viable way to enhance the financial status of collegiate teams and professional sport teams as well. However, previous studies have overlooked the effect of sport team`s prestige in relation with BIRG. This study attempted to investigate the relationship between team`s prestige and BIRG with possible mediator of vicarious achievement. To understand the mediating effect of vicarious achievement, two mediation models were proposed: a full mediation model and a partial mediation model. The data were collected from a private university in Republic of Korea. The data were analyzed with structural equation modeling (SEM) to single out the best fitting model. The chi-square statistics and other fit indices indicated that the relationship between team`s prestige and BIRG was partially mediated by vicarious achievement.
Key Words
prestige of team, basking in reflected glory, vicarious achievement, mediated effect
The Effect of Social Media Attributes from the Professional Sport Teams on Team Image, Team Satisfaction, and Team Loyalty 프로스포츠구단의 소셜미디어 속성이 구단이미지, 구단만족, 구단충성도에 미치는 영향
김하연HaYeonKim , 김종백JongBackKim
52(6) 321-334, 2013
Title
The Effect of Social Media Attributes from the Professional Sport Teams on Team Image, Team Satisfaction, and Team Loyalty 프로스포츠구단의 소셜미디어 속성이 구단이미지, 구단만족, 구단충성도에 미치는 영향
김하연HaYeonKim , 김종백JongBackKim
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental information regarding social media attributes for professional sport teams and to investigate the effects of social media attributes from the professional sport teams on team image, team satisfaction, and team loyalty. In order to accomplish this study, questionnaires were distributed to professional sport spectators who use social media. Of 428 collected questionnaires, 392 were identified as usable for the study after 36 questionnaires were dropped due to inappropriate answers. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 for simple regression analysis, multiple regression analysis. The results for this study were as followings. First, the interactivity, entertainment, informativeness, convenience, and timeliness of social media attributes from the professional sport teams were found to have significantly positive effects on team image. Second, the interactivity, entertainment, informativeness, and convenience of social media attributes from the professional sport teams were found to have significantly positive effects on team satisfaction. However, the timeliness of social media attributes was found to have no significant effect on team satisfaction. Third, the interactivity, informativeness, and convenience of social media attributes from the professional sport teams were found to have significantly positive effects on team satisfaction. However, the timeliness and entertainment of social media attributes was found to have no significant effect on team loyalty. Forth, the team image was found to have a significantly positive effect on team satisfaction. Fifth, the team image and team satisfaction was found to have significantly positive effects on team loyalty.
Key Words
social media, SNS, interactivity, entertainment, informativeness, convenience, timeliness
The Relation Analysis among the Store Attributes, Relationship Quality and Revisit Intention in Outdoor Sport Store 스포츠 아웃도어 매장의 점포속성과 관계품질 및 재방문의도의 구조관계 분석
임범규BumGyuIm , 김형훈HyungHoonKim , 남상백SangBackNam
52(6) 335-345, 2013
Title
The Relation Analysis among the Store Attributes, Relationship Quality and Revisit Intention in Outdoor Sport Store 스포츠 아웃도어 매장의 점포속성과 관계품질 및 재방문의도의 구조관계 분석
임범규BumGyuIm , 김형훈HyungHoonKim , 남상백SangBackNam
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify the structural relationships among store attributes, relationship quality and revisit intention of outdoor sport store customer. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, this paper chose customers who visited outdoor sport store in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, and sampled, using convenience sampling. A questionnaire was distributed to 400 customers and a total of 375 questionnaires were used for the study. For the analysis of data, SPSS 15.0 and Amos 17.0 was used for exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis. Also, confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis was made. For the verification of model suitability and of research hypotheses, path analysis was made. The research results are as follows: First, among outdoor sport store attributes, product diversity and store atmosphere had significant influence on flow of relationship quality. Second, among outdoor sport store attributes, only store atmosphere had significant influence on trust of relationship quality. Third, among relationship quality, flow and trust had significant influence on revisit intention.
Key Words
store attributes, relationship quality, revisit intention, outdoor sport store
Importance-Performance Analyses of Selection Attributes for Physical Education College Entrance Preparation Centers 학생과 학부모의 체육대학 입시학원 선택속성에 대한 중요도 -만족도 분석
김동철DongChulKim , 김성덕SungDuckKim , 김수잔SuSanKim
52(6) 347-358, 2013
Title
Importance-Performance Analyses of Selection Attributes for Physical Education College Entrance Preparation Centers 학생과 학부모의 체육대학 입시학원 선택속성에 대한 중요도 -만족도 분석
김동철DongChulKim , 김성덕SungDuckKim , 김수잔SuSanKim
DOI:
Abstract
The purposes of this study were first to identify the difference between the level of satisfaction and the level of importance perceived by both parents and students, and second to identify the difference between parents` and students` level of satisfaction and level of importance with regard to attributes of P·E college entrance preparation centers. In order to achieve these goals, convenient sampling method was used to select 240 students and 240 parents from eight pertinent centers in Seoul and the Gyeonggi Province as participants of this study, but only data from 376(78.3%) respondents were used after screening data for reliability. The research instrument was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by expert examination and whose reliability was confirmed by alpha values ranging from .707 to .938, and SPSS for Windows(17.0 version) statistical package program was used to conduct descriptive analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, paired samples t-test analysis, independent samples t-test analysis and IPA matrix analysis. TIn turn, the following results were obtained. First, significant differences between the level of satisfaction and the level of importance were found for part of the selection attributes for each group. Second, significant differences between parents` and students` level of satisfaction and level of importance found for part of the selection attributes.
Key Words
P,E college entrance, importance, satisfaction, IPA
A Study on Curriculum`s Direction for Educating Marine Sports Professionals 해양스포츠 전문인력 양성을 위한 체육학과 교과과정 방향성 탐색
신승환SeungHwanShin
52(6) 359-372, 2013
Title
A Study on Curriculum`s Direction for Educating Marine Sports Professionals 해양스포츠 전문인력 양성을 위한 체육학과 교과과정 방향성 탐색
신승환SeungHwanShin
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to draw capabilities of marine sports professionals, to analyze current curriculum`s propriety, and to search future direction of curriculum. The results are as follows: Capabilities of marine sports professionals are culture, education(physical education, marine sports) and management( planning, marketing, facilities, devices, tour). Current curriculums are need to be improved in all sections. Curriculum`s future directions in culture are having understandings about the ocean, in education are learning marine sports` theory and practice essentially, in management are including facilities, devices, promotion, marketing, website management, and finance. The point by grade as follows: Freshman`s culture, 2nd~3rd grades are marine sports, 3rd~4th grades are policy, administration and marina internship. This research drawed marine sports professionals` capabilities and suggested practical curriculum, therefore marinas could be provided professionals and physical education community could be provided new field of work.
A Review of a Revised Water Leisure Safety Regulation 「수상레저안전법」쟁점사항 고찰을 통한 개정방안 모색
정영남YoungNamChung
52(6) 373-385, 2013
Title
A Review of a Revised Water Leisure Safety Regulation 「수상레저안전법」쟁점사항 고찰을 통한 개정방안 모색
정영남YoungNamChung
DOI:
Abstract
The country`s recent introduction of a five-day work week has resulted in increased participation by the general population with respect to water-related leisure activities that has stimulated industry growth. The regulations concerning water leisure safety should support the growth and development of the water leisure industry. The purpose of this study was therefore to analyze the existing laws and relevant literature concerning the existing water leisure safety regulations and to suggest possible revisions. This study recommends the following revisions to the current regulations: first, a clear definition of regulation with respect to the growing water leisure sports industry; second, third, unified regulations that include the control of yacht licenses; fourth, the license examination center requires to increase the number of places; fifth,
suitable life jacket and equipment are required with mandatory; sixth, the deregulation of weather related constraints; seventh, free navigation of offshore areas and the expansion of the marine leisure area; eighth, exceptions allowing operating without license is necessary for ensuring safety and consistence; Finally, permit conditions water area of occupancy and using for business registration should be complementary.
Key Words
water leisure safety regulation
An Effect of enjoyment Factors of Sports Club Activity on Youth`s Psychological Well-Being 스포츠동아리활동 재미요인이 청소년의 심리적 웰빙에 미치는 영향
서향리HayingRiSeo
52(6) 387-397, 2013
Title
An Effect of enjoyment Factors of Sports Club Activity on Youth`s Psychological Well-Being 스포츠동아리활동 재미요인이 청소년의 심리적 웰빙에 미치는 영향
서향리HayingRiSeo
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the psychological well-being and the impact of fun from the sports club activities on the psychological well-being of juveniles. The study population was the students in Seoul Metropolis and Gyeonggi-do Province. Questionnaire survey had been done from March 1th May 1st of 2012. As a sampling method, this study used stratified sampling got the subjects to draw questionnaire through self-administration method. For data analysis, this study used SPSS/WIN 17.0 and multiple regression analysis was performed. The results of analysis were as following.
Regarding the impact of sports club activities fun on the psychological well-being juveniles, it has been found that the sports club activities have impact on the family relation(6.8%), teacher relation(18.2%), friend relation(22.5%), positive self-awareness(23.7%) and self-assertiveness(11.5%).
Key Words
sports club activity, enjoyment factors, psychological well-being
The Relationship between Participation Motivation and Leisure Satisfaction of Rugby club Participants 럭비 동호회 참여자들의 참여 동기와 여가만족의 관계
윤영선YoungSunYoon , 오근희KeunhHeeOh
52(6) 399-408, 2013
Title
The Relationship between Participation Motivation and Leisure Satisfaction of Rugby club Participants 럭비 동호회 참여자들의 참여 동기와 여가만족의 관계
윤영선YoungSunYoon , 오근희KeunhHeeOh
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the participation motivation and leisure satisfaction of rugby club team participants in Seoul and GyeongGi region. For this study, 160 samples were collected among aged over 20, using convenience sampling method and 148 data were used except data which did not respond or trustlessly responded. SPSS 18.0 version and Amos 18.0 were used for data analysis with validity analysis, reliability analysis, corelation analysis, path coefficient analysis. The results are as follows: First, enjoyment satisfaction effects on psychology satisfaction, relaxation satisfaction, physical satisfaction. Second, skill development motivation effects on educational satisfaction, relaxation satisfaction, physical satisfaction. Third, showing off motivation effects on psychology satisfaction, educational satisfaction, social satisfaction, environmental satisfaction. Fourth, social factors motivation effects on psychology satisfaction, educational satisfaction, social satisfaction, relaxation satisfaction, physical satisfaction. Lastly, health and physical fitness motivation effects on educational satisfaction, relaxation satisfaction, physical satisfaction, environmental satisfaction of rugby club team participants.
Key Words
participation motivation, leisure satisfaction, rugby club
A Causal Relationship between Personality, Approach-Avoidance Motivation, and Behavioral Regulation among Collegiate Dance Students: A 3×2 Achievement Goals Perspective 무용과 대학생의 성격, 접근-회피 동기 및 행동조절 간의 인과적 관계: 3×2 성취목표 관점
임지형JiHyoungLim
52(6) 409-423, 2013
Title
A Causal Relationship between Personality, Approach-Avoidance Motivation, and Behavioral Regulation among Collegiate Dance Students: A 3×2 Achievement Goals Perspective 무용과 대학생의 성격, 접근-회피 동기 및 행동조절 간의 인과적 관계: 3×2 성취목표 관점
임지형JiHyoungLim
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the mediating roles of multiple achievement goal orientations in the relationships between approach-avoidance temperaments as personality characteristics and autonomous-controlling regulation of behaviors among collegiate dance students from a 3×2 achievement goals theory perspective which has been newly proposed by Elliot, Murayama, and Pekrun (2011). Participants were 468 male and female dance students (36 males, 432 females). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability, and structural equation modeling. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that dance students` approach temperament positively predicted both task-approach goals and self-approach goal among three approach goals, which in turn partially mediated the relationship between approach temperament and autonomous behavioral regulation in a dance class setting. In contrast, avoidance temperament positively predicted dance students` task-avoidance goal among three avoidance goals, which in turn partially mediated the relationship between avoidance temperament and controlling behavioral regulation. Structural coefficients and covariance in the model were variant across dance careers. These findings show that enhancing dance students` goal orientations of task and self can lead to regulate their behaviors autonomously for their own skill acquisite and development.
The Relationships among Personality Factors, Self-Management, and Happiness of Dancing of University Dance Majors 무용전공대학생의 성격요인과 자기관리 및 무용행복감의 관계
전미라MiRaJeon
52(6) 425-436, 2013
Title
The Relationships among Personality Factors, Self-Management, and Happiness of Dancing of University Dance Majors 무용전공대학생의 성격요인과 자기관리 및 무용행복감의 관계
전미라MiRaJeon
DOI:
Abstract
In this study, 213 university dance majors were sampled from five universities to investigate the relationships among personality factors, self-management, and happiness of dancing of university dance majors. The survey instrument was questionnaire, and it was composed with total 70 questions. The selected materials were analysed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and path analysis, and, the results were as follows. First, Male had more satisfactions than female, and first grade and fourth grade showed more self-actualization than another grade. The modern dance majors` group showed more self-actualization, flow, and satisfaction than the other two groups, and the higher recognized dance ability higher competence. Second, the extroversion, emotionality, agreeableness and openness had positive effects on Self.Management. Third, the extroversion, emotionality, agreeableness and openness had positive effects on happiness of dancing, conscientiousness had negative effects on happiness of dancing. Fourth, There was causality between personality factors and self-management and happiness of dancing in university dance majors.
Key Words
university dance majors, personality factors, self-management, happiness of dancing
The Mediating Effects of Self-Efficacy in the Relationship between Passion and Emotional Experiences among Collegiate Dance Students 무용전공 대학생의 열정과 정서경험의 관계에서 자기 효능감의 매개효과
최효진HyoJinChoi , 이해준HaiJoonLee
52(6) 437-447, 2013
Title
The Mediating Effects of Self-Efficacy in the Relationship between Passion and Emotional Experiences among Collegiate Dance Students 무용전공 대학생의 열정과 정서경험의 관계에서 자기 효능감의 매개효과
최효진HyoJinChoi , 이해준HaiJoonLee
DOI:
Abstract
This study investigated the mediating roles of self-efficacy in the collegiate dance students` passion for dance and emotional experiences in a dance class. Subjects were 506 male and female dance students (37 males, 469 females). For data analysis descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation, and hierarchical regression were conducted. Results of hierarchical regressions indicated that both harmonious and obsessive passions positively predicted collegiate dance students` self-efficacy and emotions. In addition, the results showed that harmonious passion for dance directly had a positive effect on dance students` self-efficacy, which in turn positively influenced to students` positive emotional experiences. Also, obsessive passion for dance directly influenced to students` self-efficacy, which in turn had a indirect effect on students` positive emotional experiences. These findings show that two forms of passion for dance can facilitate dance students` positive and negative emotions during dance classes, but students` self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between passion for dance and positive emotion.
Key Words
self-determination theory, passion for dance, self-identity, emotions, dance education
Association with Body Mass index or Body Shape Index and Metabolic bvSyndrome Risk Factors in Korean Adults 한국 성인의 대사증후군 위험인자들에 대한 체질량지수와 체형지수의 연관성
조강옥KangOkCho
52(6) 449-456, 2013
Title
Association with Body Mass index or Body Shape Index and Metabolic bvSyndrome Risk Factors in Korean Adults 한국 성인의 대사증후군 위험인자들에 대한 체질량지수와 체형지수의 연관성
조강옥KangOkCho
DOI:
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate association body mass index(BMI) or a body mass index(ABSI) andmetabolic syndrome risk factors(waist circumference(WC), blood pressure, glucose, high density lipoprotein Cholesterol(HDL-C), and triglycerides) using 1,370 adults(4,054men and 5,425women) data of the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2010 and 2011. ABSI was developed by Krakauer and defined as WC/(BMI2/3×height1/2,), expressing in meter. In the results, levels of WC, glucose, blood pressure, and triglycerides were significantly increased(p<.001) with age, while HDL-C was significantly decreased(p<.001). Further more, BMI and ABSI were significantly increased with age(p<.001). The correlations between BMI and all metabolic risks in males and females according age group showed statistically significances. However, ABSI showed significant correlations with WC, glucose, HDL-C, triglycerides in 19~29years, WC, blood pressure, glucose, HDL-C, triglycerides in 30~49years, and WC, glucose, HDL-C, triglycerides in 50~64years in the males, while significant correlations showed with WC, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides in 19~29years, WC, systolic blood pressure, glucose, HDL-C, triglycerides in 30~49years and 50~64years in females These results show that BMI is more effective to managemanet of metabolic syndrome risk factors than ABSI in Korean adults.
Key Words
Body Mass Index, A Body Shape Index, Metabolic Syndrome, KNHANES
The Effect of Dopamine on Cognitive Function after Aerobic and Anaerobic exercise 유무산소 운동형태별 도파민 및 인지력 비교
박봉섭BongSupPark , 김도윤DoYounKim
52(6) 457-466, 2013
Title
The Effect of Dopamine on Cognitive Function after Aerobic and Anaerobic exercise 유무산소 운동형태별 도파민 및 인지력 비교
박봉섭BongSupPark , 김도윤DoYounKim
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of maximal aerobic and anaerobic exercise on cognitive performance. 13 male subjects agreed to participate in this study. For the aerobic exercise, all participants run at intensity corresponding to VT during 30 minutes and then with increased speed of 1mph per 2 minutes they performed until they could not run any longer. We used wingate bicycle test as anaerobic exercise during 1 minutes. The experiment involved a critical flicker fusion test(CFF) performed before, post exercise and recovery period. Also we sampled blood from vein for the analysis of neuro-transmitters(5-HT, dopamine) and valuables that indicated physical fatigue index generally. 1. Serotonin in aerobic exercise was higher than anaerobic exercise(p<.05), and resting serotonin was lower than post exercise and recovery. 2. Dopamine in anaerobic exercise was higher than aerobic exercise(p<.05), in addition post exercise was higher than resting, recovery and resting was lower than recovery. 3. There was significant interaction between exercise type and period(p<.05), but not in CFF-M(p<.05). CFF-M in post and recovery was higher than resting in aerobic and anaerobic exercise. 4. There was significant corelation between CFF-M and serotonin, dopamine in aerobic exercise, but not in anaerobic exercise(p<.05). These results indicated that before central fatigue occurred(less 1 hour duration), anaerobic and aerobic exercise might affect the cognitive function positively. In addition, for the Parkinson`s disease, aerobic exercise less 1 hour duration might be more profitable with increasing of dopamine which correlated with cognitive function.
Key Words
Cognitive function, Central fatigue, Neurotransmitter, Exercise type
Influence of Aerobic Exercise Training on the Change of Anabolic Signaling Response in Aged Rat Cardiac Muscle 유산소 훈련에 의한 노화 쥐의 심장근 합성 반응 변화
권형태HyeongTaeKwon , 김효정HyoJeongKim
52(6) 467-476, 2013
Title
Influence of Aerobic Exercise Training on the Change of Anabolic Signaling Response in Aged Rat Cardiac Muscle 유산소 훈련에 의한 노화 쥐의 심장근 합성 반응 변화
권형태HyeongTaeKwon , 김효정HyoJeongKim
DOI:
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the effect of intense endurance training on cardiac muscle protein synthesis in aged rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (100 wk) were randomly assigned into control (n=28) and training (n=28) groups. Training group ran on the rodent treadmill for 1 hour at the level of 15m/min, on a 15% incline (75∼80% VO2max) for 12 weeks (5d/w). Muscle samples were obtained from left ventricular muscle before and during the recovery period (immediately, 1hr, and 3hr after running) with the single bout of acute exercise (1hr) following endurance training. Phosphorylation of related proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. From the results of this study, the HW/BW ratio, indicator of cardiac hypertrophy, in training group was increased by 9.4 % (3.66±0.4 mg/g, p=.008) than control group. We also confirmed Akt(30%, p<.05), mTOR(64%, p<.05) and p70S6K(82%, p<.05) in control group were significantly increased with the intensive acute running. The mean changes of Akt(87%, p=.001), mTOR(32%, p=.01), p70S6K(25%, p=.009), and 4E-BP1(35%, p=.005) phosphorylation with the training during the recovery period were higher in training group than control group. The changes of resting Akt(156%, p<.05), mTOR(58%, p<.05), p70S6K(98%, p<.05), 4E-BP1(103%, p<.05) and AMPK(51%, p<.05) phosphorylation were higher in training group than control group. This study demonstrates that high intensity aerobic exercise activates the Akt/mTOR signal pathway of the left ventricular muscle, as well as long-term high intensity endurance training may induce physiological growth of the heart in aged rats.
Key Words
Aerobic training, Left ventricular muscle, Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, 4E-BP1, AMPK
Relationship Between Korean Undergraduate Students` Arterial Stiffness and Their Continuous Physical Activity and Sitting Scores 대학생들의 혈관경화도와 지속적 신체활동 및 좌업활동과의 관계
Relationship Between Korean Undergraduate Students` Arterial Stiffness and Their Continuous Physical Activity and Sitting Scores 대학생들의 혈관경화도와 지속적 신체활동 및 좌업활동과의 관계
The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of physical activities of Korean undergraduate students on arterial stiffness using the IPAQ(international physical activity questionnaire) and the baPWV(brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity). For this end, 55 students were employed for the evaluation and their IPAQ scores were divided into two scores: IPAQ continuous scores and IPAQ sitting scores. Further we performed the scatter plot analysis and the multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that the baPWV is linear related to the IPAQ sitting scores but is not related to the IPAQ continuous scores. Further the results indicate that the baPWV is correlated with smoking status, systolic blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease family history. Therefore, we conclude that arterial stiffness is affected not only by the physiological factors such as the blood pressure, but also by the living environments such as sedentary work time.
The Effects of Swim Exercise and Aqua Aerobic Exercise on Cardiorespiratory Function and Pulse Wave Velocity in Postemenopausal Women 수영운동과 수중에어로빅운동이 폐경기 여성의 심폐기능 및 맥파전도속도에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Swim Exercise and Aqua Aerobic Exercise on Cardiorespiratory Function and Pulse Wave Velocity in Postemenopausal Women 수영운동과 수중에어로빅운동이 폐경기 여성의 심폐기능 및 맥파전도속도에 미치는 영향
The purpose of this research is to identify the effects of swim and aqua aerobic exercise for exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness and pulse wave velocity of postmenopausal women. This study conducted in U city divided 20 postmenopausal women into two groups (group of the 10members of the aqua aerobic exercise / group of the 10 members of the swim for exercise). Each groups exercised for every 60 minutes at the 60∼85% HRR level, and targeted their heart rate with The Karvonen Formula after pre-conditioning program for a couple of weeks. This exercise has done 3 days every week for 60 minutes(10 minutes of the warm up, 40 minutes of exercise, 10 minutes of cool down) in 12 weeks. This study analyzed date and computed mean and the standard deviation of the sample using SPSS Ver. 18.0, and identified the claim that there is a difference between two groups using ANCOVA(Analysis of covariance) at .05 the level of significance (at α=.05). In conclusion, regular aqua aerobic exercise and swim for exercise had an positive effect on cardiorespiratory fitness and pulse wave velocity of postmenopaual women. The group of aqua aerobic exercise for exercise had an positive effect on it greater than the group of swim exercise.
Key Words
aqua aerobic exercise, swim for exercise, cardiorespiratory fitness, pulse wave velocity
The Effects of Isocaloric High Fat Diet and Endurance Exercise Training on mitochondrial biogenesis and Endurance Exercise Capacity of male Wistar rats 등열량 고지방식과 지구성 운동트레이닝이 흰쥐의 골격근 내 미토콘드리아 생합성과 지구성운동 능력에 미치는 영향
정수련SuRyunJung , 김기진KiJinKim
52(6) 495-505, 2013
Title
The Effects of Isocaloric High Fat Diet and Endurance Exercise Training on mitochondrial biogenesis and Endurance Exercise Capacity of male Wistar rats 등열량 고지방식과 지구성 운동트레이닝이 흰쥐의 골격근 내 미토콘드리아 생합성과 지구성운동 능력에 미치는 영향
정수련SuRyunJung , 김기진KiJinKim
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of isocaloric high fat diet and endurance exercise training on mitochondrial biogenesis, endurance exercise capacity. The rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups; Chow, HF(50% of calories from fat), Ex(treadmill running, slop 8%, 23 m/min, 120 min/day, 5 d/week), FEx. 4-week of high fat diet and endurance exercise training did not change body weight and body fat. Further the level of insulin-stimulated glucose transport rate in soleus muscle was not affected by isocaloric high fat diet. Although either isocaloric high fat diet or endurance exercise alone did not change on mitochondrial biogenesis marker, isocaloric high fat diet with endurance exercise increase level of mitochondrial biogenesis marker. Despite muscle glycogen contents were significantly decreased in FEx, endurance exercise capacity was not decreased. With these results, 4-week isocaloric high fat did not cause insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, and when combined with endurance exercise training increases mitochondrial biogenesis and endurance exercise capacity.
A Analysis of Performance Related Factors in terms of Fitness Assessments in Female Elite Table Tennis Players 여자 우수 탁구선수의 체력평가를 통한 경기력 관련요인 분석
김용연YongYeonKim , 김상훈SangHoonKim
52(6) 507-514, 2013
Title
A Analysis of Performance Related Factors in terms of Fitness Assessments in Female Elite Table Tennis Players 여자 우수 탁구선수의 체력평가를 통한 경기력 관련요인 분석
김용연YongYeonKim , 김상훈SangHoonKim
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association and the effects of physical fitness and performance in female elite table tennis players. 26 female athletes were participated in this study. The measurement factors for physical fitness were body composition, cardiovascular endurance, power, muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, agility, ioskinetic strength and anaerobic power. Pearson r correlation and stepwise multiple regression were used to analyze the data. As a result, performance had association with harvard step test(p=.005), sit and reach test(p=.038), cross test(p=.024) reaction time(p=.012), isokinetic strength of left ankle plantar flexion(p=.006) and isokinetic strength of left knee extensor(p=.025). Also, back muscle strength turned out to be an effective factor on performance. In conclusion, the programs for improving cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, agility, and strength of the left leg and back strength will help for improving performance in female elite tennis players. For this, scientific program is needed based on these results.
Key Words
table tennis, performance, athletes, sports
A Kinematical Analysis of the Jump Shoot in the Handball Players of Elementary School 초등학교 핸드볼선수의 점프슛 동작의 운동학적 분석
김민수MinSooKim , 백진호JinHoBack , 이용식YongSikLee
52(6) 515-521, 2013
Title
A Kinematical Analysis of the Jump Shoot in the Handball Players of Elementary School 초등학교 핸드볼선수의 점프슛 동작의 운동학적 분석
김민수MinSooKim , 백진호JinHoBack , 이용식YongSikLee
DOI:
Abstract
Among a The purpose of the study was to perform kinematical analysis of the jump shoot in elementary school handball players. Moreover, this study aimed on providing basic data to coaches and instructors to understand the jump shoot technique which can be used to improve the players shooting ability. The results obtained from the study are as follows. Over all, the elementary school players` center of mass showed short flight duration and horizontal distance, and decrease in the vertical velocity which was by not being able to use the reaction largely from the step motion. In addition, the swing technique transferred from the torque of the upper body, upper arms and forearm and hand was inefficient than that of ball throwing arm swing technique. Performing wrong or inefficient shooting technique effects the performance enhancement. Moreover, it requires a lot of time for correction of posture after being an adult. Thus, coaches should emphasis on lower body exercises in order to increase the flight time and horizontal motion, Moreover they should focus on acquiring basic skills of jump shot that uses upper body torque.
The Kinetic Comparison Analysis of Gait posture on the Bus downward stair According to Shoe`s heel and Stair heights in the Women 여성의 버스계단 내리기 시 구두 힐과 계단높이에 따른 보행자세의 운동역학적 비교분석
류재청CheChungRyew , 현승현SeungHyunHyun
52(6) 523-536, 2013
Title
The Kinetic Comparison Analysis of Gait posture on the Bus downward stair According to Shoe`s heel and Stair heights in the Women 여성의 버스계단 내리기 시 구두 힐과 계단높이에 따른 보행자세의 운동역학적 비교분석
류재청CheChungRyew , 현승현SeungHyunHyun
DOI:
Abstract
This purpose of this study was to analyse the kinetic comparison analysis of gait posture on the bus downward stepping according to shoe`s heel and stair heights in the women. Participants were selected 10 healthy women and divided into 2 stair heights and walked with 3 types of shoe`s high heeled. Variables analyzed were consisted of the displacement(Y axis), hip, knee, ankle angle & vertical GRF during bus downward stepping. As a result, the following conclusions obtained were as follows. 1. Ground landing showed higher in displacement(Y axis) than that of sidewalk block landing during Right loading response phase. 2. Angular displacement of Right hip showed more flexed according to increase of shoe`s heel and stair heights, right ankle angle showed more extended according to increase of shoe`s heel heights. Angular displacement of Left hip showed more flexed according to increase of shoe`s heel heights during Left loading response phase and ground landing showed more flexed than that of sidewalk block landing in angular displacement of left knee. Also, left ankle angle showed more extended according to increase shoe`s heel heights, ground landing showed more flexed than that of sidewalk block landing. 3. Maximum vertical GRF of ground landing(3.62 N/kg) showed the larger vertical reaction forces than that of sidewalk block landing(2.55 N/kg) during Left loading response phase.
Key Words
bus stair, downward stepping, shoe`s heel, stair heights, vertical GRF
Effects of Taekwondo Step,Non-Step Turning Kick Types as Visual Stimulus Speed on Coincidence-Anticipation Timing Performance 태권도 스텝,비스텝 돌려차기 유형에 대한 시각적 자극 속도가 동시적 예측 타이밍 수행에 미치는 영향
박현철HyunChulPark
52(6) 537-544, 2013
Title
Effects of Taekwondo Step,Non-Step Turning Kick Types as Visual Stimulus Speed on Coincidence-Anticipation Timing Performance 태권도 스텝,비스텝 돌려차기 유형에 대한 시각적 자극 속도가 동시적 예측 타이밍 수행에 미치는 영향
박현철HyunChulPark
DOI:
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the kinematic effects of the accuracy and consistency between Taekwondo step turning kick and non step turning kick on coincidence-anticipation timing performance task. The subjects were eleven Taekwondo right-footer athletes with over 10 years experience from the S high school in Daejeon. The statistical factors were constant(CE), variable(VE), and absolute(AE) errors, respectively. All these factors was statistically significant. The finding of the experiment was followed as: At the 5 mph, the step turning kick group was more accuracy and consistency than the non step turning kick group on coincidence-anticipation timing task. By contrary, the 7 mph, faster speed, the non step turning kick group was accuracy and consistency. Possible explanations for the performance differences were discussed and future research trends were provided.
Completeness Evaluation of YANG Hak Seon Motion through the Establishment and the Application of the Real-time Feedback System in Vault of Gymnastics in Preparation of London 2012 Olympics 2012 런던올림픽 대비 체조 도마 종목 실시간 피드백시스템 구축 및 활용을 통한 YANG Hak Seon 동작의 완성도 평가
Completeness Evaluation of YANG Hak Seon Motion through the Establishment and the Application of the Real-time Feedback System in Vault of Gymnastics in Preparation of London 2012 Olympics 2012 런던올림픽 대비 체조 도마 종목 실시간 피드백시스템 구축 및 활용을 통한 YANG Hak Seon 동작의 완성도 평가
This study establishes the real-time on-site support system so as to provide Yang Hak-Seon with accurate, efficient and faster feedback on the site and increase the completeness of YANG Hak Seon technique with the use of the system in preparation of London 2012 Olympics. This study reaches the following conclusions:
First, feedback was instantly provided without a complicated data processing process through the real-time on-site support system in the whole learning or warm-up matches to increase the completeness of YANG Hak Seon technique. Second, the image material database was established by time period and the category was classified by year, major competition/warm-up match, event and player so that not only researchers but also coaches or players were able to search easily. Third, YANG Hak Seon technique were identified by time period and phase with the real-time on-site support system and feedback were provided to demonstrate the near-perfect motion.
Key Words
Flight Time, Height of COG, Rotational Angle of Thigh, completeness
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Mechanism in Alpine skiing: A Single Case Study 알파인 스키선수의 전방십자인대 손상 메케니즘: 단일사례연구
임비오BeeOhLim , 양우영WooYoungYang , 최범권BumKwonChoi
52(6) 557-562, 2013
Title
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Mechanism in Alpine skiing: A Single Case Study 알파인 스키선수의 전방십자인대 손상 메케니즘: 단일사례연구
임비오BeeOhLim , 양우영WooYoungYang , 최범권BumKwonChoi
DOI:
Abstract
The anterior cruciate ligament has been shown to be particularly susceptible to injury during alpine skiing. But, there is limited insight into the mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in alpine skiing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury in alpine skiing. A single case of anterior cruciate ligament injury were obtained on video and analyze the injury mechanism in detail(skiing situation, skier behavior, biomechanical characteristics). The injury occurred in bad slope condition of late season. The skier move forward relative to the ski due to the wet slope condition and out of balance forward and inward in the steering phase into the fall line. The inner ski catches the outside edge abruptly, forcing the left knee into varus and external rotation and the skier falls inward to her left. As a result, the forces generated rupture the anterior cruciate ligament. Based on this video analysis, the new mechanism of anterior cruciate ligament injury in alpine skiing appeared to be a catching by incorrect crossover situation where the inner ski catches the outside edge, forcing the inner knee into varus and external rotation.
Key Words
anterior cruciate Ligament, injury mechanism, alpine skiing, video analysis
The Effects of Different Sit-up Bench Angles on Trunk and Leg Muscle Activity 윗몸일으키기 운동 시 싯업보드의 각도변화에 따른 근육활동 분석
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different sit-up bench angles on trunk and leg muscle activity. Eleven male students who did not have any musculoskeletal disorder related with one`s upper or lower limb were selected for subjects. To assess the myoelectrical activities of selected muscles, wireless and wired electromyograph devices were used. Average and peak nEMG levels of different muscles in different sit-up bench angles were determined for each participant. For each variable, a one-way of variance with repeated measures(p<.05) was used to determined whether there were significant differences among different sit-up bench angles. The results showed that all muscle activities except the erector spinae increased with increasing sit-up bench angle. In general, muscle activity recorded in the right side of trunk was greater than the corresponding value in the left one when sit-up bench angle increased. Since the subjects tend to sit up twisting their body rightwards at greater sit-up bench angles, it is possible that the initiation of the trunk flexion was mainly caused by the right side of trunk muscles. This study also found that muscle activity of the rectus femoris was significantly increased at 30° incline sit-up board. Since an increase in muscle activity of the rectus femoris may cause the pelvic malalignment, this phenomenon causes excessive stresses to the spine, which potentially increased injury in spinal columns. Therefore, this study suggested that sit-up workouts performed with 20° incline sit-up board or greater may not be suitable for ordinary people or patients. Additionally, it is considered that sit-up workouts on a highly inclined sit-up board is not suitable for bilaterally symmetric abdominal muscle training.
Key Words
sit-up, electromyography, abdominal muscle
Effect Analysis of Functional Garment for Adolescents with Scoliosis-3 case study- 척추 측만증 청소년을 위한 보정웨어의 효과 분석 -3 사례 연구-
The purpose of this study was to develop a functional garment for adolescents with scoliosis and investigate its effect. The 3 adolescent subjects of this study wore the garment developed in this study for more than 12 hours every day for 8 weeks. The result indicated that the cobb`s angle of the subjects decreased. In 3 subjects wearing the garment, the muscle activity during gate has decreased in the left latissimus dorsi, right latissimus dorsi, and left thoracolumbar fascia, while it increased in the right thoracolumbar fascia and both right and left gluteus medius. Since the functional garment developed in this study, which is based on the relaxation principle of the right latissimus dorsi and left thoracolumbar fascia, is receptive and easy to wear for adolescents, it is expected to be used for the treatment of adolescents with scoliosis.
Key Words
Functional garment, Scoliosis, Adolescent
Study of the Inter-Segmental Trunk Motion according to the Spine Models during Trunk Exercise 지역좌표계에서 관측한 체간 척추분절운동에 관한 연구
The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the three trunk spine segment models(One -Trunk Model, Upper-Lower Trunk Model, and Multi-Segment Trunk Model) by investigating the ROM of trunk segments from three-dimensional kinematic motion of the pelvis-spine coordinate system. To analyze the ROM of angular displacement on the trunk motion, The forward bending, the side bending, and the axial rotation were compared with the three types of trunk spine model, respectively. Ten male subjects were recruited as soccer players in university entrants. Three-dimensional video analysis and X-ray were performed. And Vicon Motion Capture System(MX-T40) using the thirteen infrared cameras(sampling frequency of 250Hz) and Vicon Nexus 1.7 software programs were used. Statistical process was to use SPSS(ver. 17), to do an one-way ANOVA and to do in significance level p<.05. Significant differences were noted in the trunk spine segment motion with trunk segments interaction effects using three kinematic trunk models between model, as well as between x, y, z축 coordinate system. It should therefore be chosen carefully because the trunk motion can be explained differently depending upon the module types in each trunk segment model, owing to, the number of trunk spine segments.
A Study on the Validity of a Measuring Item of Participatory Behavioral Belief in Sports for All by the Physically Disabled 지체장애인의 생활체육 참여 행동 신념 측정문항에 대한 타당성 검증 연구
박수경SooGyungPark , 박진우JinWooPark , 이현수HyunSuLee
52(6) 591-601, 2013
Title
A Study on the Validity of a Measuring Item of Participatory Behavioral Belief in Sports for All by the Physically Disabled 지체장애인의 생활체육 참여 행동 신념 측정문항에 대한 타당성 검증 연구
박수경SooGyungPark , 박진우JinWooPark , 이현수HyunSuLee
DOI:
Abstract
This Study aimed to verify a measuring instrument of behavior belief normative belief, and control belief by which the physically disabled came to participate in sports for all based on the theory of planned behavior. For this, the study was aimed at the physically disabled who are active in a club for sports for all in B city, K province, and data from 259 research subjects was used as final research data using purposeful sampling, As questionnaires used for this study, the study used questionnaires which had been introduced in research by Lee Hyun-Su(2012) after modifying and complementing them attuned to the purpose of this research. Regarding the data analysis, the SPSS 18.0 Program and the AMOS verson 20.0 program. The results included th following. Rorst, for the participatory behavioral belief in sports for all by the physically disabled, the study extracted a total 26 questions composed of 9 questions about behavioral belief, 8 questions about normative belief, and 9 questions control belief. Second, in order to discover whether the measurment model shown through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses was valid, convergent validity (SME, CR, AVE) and discriminant validity were analyzed. As a result, the measurment model of the measuring instrument of participatory belief of sports for all by the physically disabled, which had been ultimately modified and complemented for this study, was discovered to satisfy convergent validity and discriminant validity.
Key Words
sports for all, physically disabled, Behavioral belief, theory of Planned behavior
